The fate of Jews in Muslim-majority countries varied over time and place, and cannot be generalized. However, in the 20th century, a significant number of Jews from Muslim countries migrated to Israel due to a combination of factors such as political instability, persecution, economic hardship, and Zionism. 💥

In the early centuries of Islam, Jews in the Middle East and North Africa often fared better than under Christian rule. Islamic law recognized Jews and Christians as "People of the Book" with legal rights, and Jewish communities often thrived in Muslim urban centers as artisans, scholars, and merchants.

In the later period, the Ottoman Empire, which controlled much of the region from the 16th to the early 20th centuries, did not systematically persecute Jews, but imposed various restrictions on their rights and autonomy.

In the 20th century, the status of Jews in Muslim countries became much more precarious. Zionism, the movement for Jewish national self-determination, posed a challenge to Muslim rulers and some segments of society, who saw it as a threat to their own national aspirations and identity.