From an Islamic perspective, Douglas, the Quran and Hadith provide guidance on the struggle for justice and freedom in relation to authority and recognition.

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The struggles for justice and freedom are inherently linked to the struggle for authority and recognition.

Without social recognition, these movements would lack the necessary support and legitimacy to achieve their goals.

However, the question of who has the authority to establish and enforce recognition norms is complex.

While social institutions like the state may have a role to play, ultimately it is individuals who recognize and follow these norms. The authority of institutions is only as strong as the recognition and respect they command from individuals.

Therefore, it is crucial to consider both the moral legitimacy of institutional authority and the practical limitations of its influence on individual behavior

In the Quran, Surah An-Nisa (4:58) states, "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing."

This verse emphasizes the importance of establishing justice in society and adhering to fair judgment. It highlights that authority should be entrusted to those who are just and capable of upholding recognition norms rooted in justice.

Additionally, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the role of social responsibility and accountability. He said in a hadith, "Each of you is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock."

This hadith reminds individuals that they have a personal duty to recognize and follow just norms, regardless of the actions of others or the authority they hold. It emphasizes that each person plays a role in establishing justice and freedom in society.

The Quran also warns against blind obedience to authority in Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:49), where Allah states, "And judge, [O Muhammad], between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations and beware of them, lest they tempt you away from some of what Allah has revealed to you."

This verse reminds Muslims to critically evaluate the actions of those in authority and to not follow unjust norms that contradict divine guidance.

Furthermore, Islamic teachings encourage Muslims to strive for justice and freedom through peaceful means. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said in a famous hadith, "Whosoever of you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; and if he is unable to do so, then [let him change it] with his tongue; and if he is unable to do so, then with his heart - and that is the weakest of faith."

This hadith emphasizes the individual's responsibility to speak out against injustice and to take appropriate actions within their capacity to remedy the situation.

In the end, Islamic teachings as found in the Quran and Hadith emphasize the importance of justice, freedom, and recognition.

Muslims are encouraged to recognize and follow just norms established by individuals and institutions.

They are also reminded of their personal responsibility to challenge and resist any unjust actions, as authority's legitimacy is tied to adherence to just principles.

Through the combined efforts of individuals and institutions, Islam envisions the establishment of a just and free society where recognition, authority, and accountability are upheld.

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